一、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)(工程結(jié)構(gòu))件制孔優(yōu)先采用鉆孔，當(dāng)證明某些材料質(zhì)量、厚度和孔徑(aperture)，沖孔后不會(huì)引起脆性時(shí)允許采用沖孔。鉆孔是在鉆床等機(jī)械上進(jìn)行，可以鉆任何厚度的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件（零件）。鉆孔的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是螺栓(組成:頭部和螺桿組成)孔孔壁損傷較小，質(zhì)量較好。

1、 Drilling is preferred for steel structure (engineering structure) parts. Punching is allowed when it is proved that the quality, thickness and aperture of some materials will not cause brittleness after punching. Drilling is carried out on the drilling machine and other machinery, which can drill steel structure components (parts) of any thickness. The advantage of drilling is that the hole wall damage of bolt (composition: head and screw) is small and the quality is good.

二、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)(工程結(jié)構(gòu))加工制造中，沖孔一般只用于沖制非圓孔及薄板(性質(zhì):寶石學(xué)術(shù)語)孔，沖孔的孔徑(aperture)必須大于板厚，厚度在5㎜以下的所有普通鋼結(jié)構(gòu)件允許沖孔，次要結(jié)構(gòu)厚度小于12㎜允許采用沖孔。在沖切孔上，不得隨后施焊（槽形），除非證明材料在沖切后，仍保留有相當(dāng)韌性，則可焊接施工。一般情況下在需要所沖的孔上再擴(kuò)孔時(shí)，則沖孔必須比指定的直徑小3㎜。

2、 In the processing and manufacturing of steel structure (engineering structure), punching is generally only used to punch non-circular holes and thin plate holes (property: Gem academic language). The aperture of punching must be greater than the thickness of the plate. Punching is allowed for all common steel structures with thickness less than 5 mm, and punching is allowed for secondary structure thickness less than 12 mm. No subsequent welding (groove) is allowed on the punching hole, unless it is proved that the material still retains considerable toughness after punching. In general, when the hole needs to be punched again, the punching must be 3 mm smaller than the specified diameter.

三、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)(工程結(jié)構(gòu))加工要求精度（度）較高時(shí)、板疊層數(shù)較多、同類孔較多時(shí)，可采用鉆模制孔或預(yù)鉆較小孔徑(aperture)、在組裝時(shí)擴(kuò)孔的方法，當(dāng)板疊小于5層時(shí)，預(yù)鉆小孔的直徑小于公稱直徑一級(jí)（3㎜），當(dāng)板疊大于5層時(shí)，小于公稱直徑二級(jí)（6㎜）。

3、 When the machining accuracy of steel structure (engineering structure) is high, there are many layers of plates and many holes of the same kind, the method of drilling mould hole or pre drilling small hole diameter (aperture) and expanding hole during assembly can be adopted. When the plate stack is less than 5 layers, the diameter of the pre drilled hole is less than grade 1 (3 mm) of the nominal diameter, and when the stack is more than 5 layers, it is less than grade 2 (6 mm) of the nominal diameter.

四、鉆孔時(shí)常用平鉆頭，鉆不透孔用尖鉆頭。當(dāng)板疊較厚，直徑較大，或材料強(qiáng)度（strength)較高時(shí)，則應(yīng)使用可以降低（reduce)切削力的群鉆鉆頭，便于排屑和減少鉆頭的磨損(零部件失效的一種基本類型)。

4、 Flat drill bit is commonly used in drilling, and pointed bit is used for drilling hole. When the stack is thick, the diameter is large, or the material strength is high, a group drill bit which can reduce the cutting force should be used to facilitate chip removal and reduce the wear of the bit (a basic type of component failure).

五、長孔可用兩端鉆孔中間氧(Oxygen)割的辦法加工，但孔的長度必須大于孔直徑的2倍。

5、 The long hole can be processed by oxygen cutting at both ends of the hole, but the length of the hole must be more than 2 times of the diameter of the hole.

六、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)(工程結(jié)構(gòu))件鉆孔時(shí)高強(qiáng)度（strength)螺栓孔應(yīng)采用鉆孔。

6、 When drilling steel structure (engineering structure) parts, high strength bolt hole should be drilled.